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为什么氯化氫气体中氫原子與氯原子在光照條件下就會爆炸？

返回打印发布时间：2023/2/1 点击：10163

为什么氯化氫气体中氫原子與氯原子在光照條件下就會爆炸？

H2+cl2=2HCl(条件：光照)

H2和Cl混合气体见光爆炸是一种自由基链反应过程。

Cl2分子中的Cl-Cl键很弱，可以在光照条件下打断Cl2分子解离成2个CL原子：Cl2—hν→2Cl

Cl原子可发生以下反应：

Cl＋H2→HCl＋H

生成的H原子可以反应：

H＋Cl2→HCl＋Cl

最后两种反应是自由基反应，因为它们有非常活跃的CL和H参与原子自由基很容易，释放能量，进一步促进能量释放Cl2的解离：

Cl2＋M→2Cl＋M (M惰性分子或器壁)

上述三个反应循环来回，但没有一个反应减少了自由基的数量（早期自由基浓度低，不太可能相互碰撞），导致反应分子迅速转化为大量自由基，产生HCL和释放能量。

当反应系统自由基浓度达到一定水平时，自由基合并过程明显：

H+H→H2

Cl+Cl→Cl2

H+Cl→HCl

当这些高能自由基合并成低能稳定分子时，放热会更加剧烈，反应系统的散热会远远落后于急剧放热，导致系统温度和压力急剧上升和爆炸。

由于反应强烈，释放热量多，气体受热膨胀快，爆炸需要气体混合在一起，从而爆炸。但氯气在氢气中燃烧，两者不混合，而且是纯气体，燃烧而不爆炸。

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